Adrenalin and Phenobarbital Sodium

• Generic Name: epinephrine
• Dosage Forms: injection
• Other Brand Names: Adrenalin, Auvi-Q, Epinephrinesnap-EMS, EpiPen 2-Pak, EpiPen JR 2-Pak, EPIsnap, Symjepi, Auvi-Q Auto-injector, Primatene Mist Inhaler, Adrenaclick, EpiPen, Twinject, Primatene Mist

Epinephrine is a chemical that narrows blood vessels and opens airways in the lungs. These effects can reverse severe low blood pressure, wheezing, severe skin itching, hives, and other symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Adrenalin is used to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, and other allergens.

Epinephrine auto-injectors may be kept on hand for self-injection by a person with a history of severe allergic reaction.

Epinephrine is also used to treat exercise-induced anaphylaxis, or to treat low blood pressure that is caused by septic shock.

Adrenalin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

• Generic Name: phenobarbital
• Dosage Forms: n.a.
• Other Brand Names:

  Solfoton, Luminal

Relief of anxiety, tension, and apprehension. However, barbiturates used infrequently for routine sedation, since there are few clinical situations in which oral barbiturates provide a safety or efficacy advantage over nonbarbiturate sedatives/hypnotics.

Short-term treatment of insomnia. However, generally not used orally as a hypnotic because several hours are required to achieve maximal effects and barbiturates have decreased effectiveness for sleep induction and maintenance after 2 weeks.

Withdrawal of barbiturate or nonbarbiturate hypnotics in patients who are physically dependent on these drugs.

Preoperatively, to produce sedation and relieve anxiety.

Management of tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures; used alone (particularly in infants and young children) or, more commonly, in combination with phenytoin or other anticonvulsants.

Prevention of febrile seizures in infants and young children.

Second-line agent in the termination of status epilepticus; may be useful to prevent seizure recurrence after seizures are initially terminated with other anticonvulsants (e.g., diazepam, phenytoin) or for termination of status epilepticus that does not respond to initial therapy with other anticonvulsants. Usefulness of parenteral phenobarbital in terminating acute seizure episodes is limited by its slow onset of action.

Prophylactic management of epilepsy.

Prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.

Has been used to reduce bilirubin concentrations in patients with congenital nonhemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia or chronic intrahepatic cholestasis.

Has been used in the management of hyperlipemia associated with intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis.