Amantadine Hydrochloride and Duragesic

• Generic Name: amantadine
• Dosage Forms: n.a.
• Other Brand Names: Gocovri, Osmolex ER, Symmetrel

Has been used for treatment of uncomplicated respiratory tract illness caused by susceptible influenza A virus in adults, adolescents, and children ≥1 year of age.

Amantadine and rimantadine have little or no activity against influenza B; not used for treatment of influenza B infection.

Beginning in the 2005–2006 influenza season, most strains of influenza A (H3N2) circulating in the US were resistant to adamantanes (amantadine, rimantadine), and resistance to these drugs among seasonal influenza A (H3N2) isolates has remained high during subsequent influenza seasons. In addition, the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating during recent influenza seasons is resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.

CDC and other experts recommend that adamantanes (amantadine, rimantadine) not be used for treatment of seasonal influenza in the US until susceptibility to these antiviral agents has been reestablished in circulating influenza A viruses.

Consider viral surveillance data available from local and state health departments and the CDC when selecting an antiviral for treatment of seasonal influenza. Strains of circulating influenza viruses and the antiviral susceptibility of these strains constantly evolve.

CDC issues recommendations concerning use of antivirals for treatment of influenza, and these recommendations are updated as needed during each influenza season. Information regarding influenza surveillance and updated recommendations for treatment of seasonal influenza are available from CDC.

Prevention of Seasonal Influenza A Virus Infections

Has been used for prophylaxis of signs and symptoms of influenza infection caused by susceptible influenza A in adults, adolescents, and children ≥1 year of age.

Amantadine and rimantadine have little or no activity against influenza B; not used for prevention of influenza B infection.

Annual vaccination with seasonal influenza virus vaccine, as recommended by the US Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), is the primary means of preventing seasonal influenza and its severe complications. Prophylaxis with an appropriate antiviral active against circulating influenza strains is considered an adjunct to vaccination for control and prevention of influenza in certain individuals.

CDC and other experts recommend that adamantanes (amantadine, rimantadine) not be used for prevention of influenza in the US until susceptibility to these antiviral agents has been reestablished in circulating influenza A viruses.

Consider viral surveillance data available from local and state health departments and the CDC when selecting an antiviral for prophylaxis of influenza. The most appropriate antiviral for prevention of influenza is selected based on information regarding the likelihood that the influenza strain is susceptible and the known adverse effects of the drug. Strains of circulating influenza viruses and the antiviral susceptibility of these strains constantly evolve.

CDC issues recommendations concerning use of antivirals for prophylaxis of influenza, and these recommendations are updated as needed during each influenza season. Information regarding influenza surveillance and updated recommendations for prevention of seasonal influenza are available from CDC.

Avian Influenza A Virus Infections

Has been recommended as alternative for treatment or prophylaxis of avian influenza A virus infections in certain situations.

CDC and WHO recommend use of a neuraminidase inhibitor (oseltamivir, zanamivir) for treatment or prophylaxis of avian influenza A infections.

If neuraminidase inhibitors unavailable, use of amantadine or rimantadine might be considered an alternative if local surveillance data indicate the strain is known or likely to be susceptible. Avian influenza A (H5N1) and avian influenza A (H7N9) generally have been resistant to adamantanes.

Parkinsonian Syndrome and Drug-induced Extrapyramidal Effects

Symptomatic treatment of parkinsonian syndrome including postencephalitic, idiopathic, arteriosclerotic types and for the relief of parkinsonian signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning. Less effective than levodopa.

Symptomatic treatment of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal effects.

• Generic Name: fentanyl
• Dosage Forms: patch, transdermal system
• Other Brand Names: Duragesic, Abstral, Fentora, Subsys, Actiq, Ionsys, Lazanda, Onsolis, Sublimaze

Duragesic is a skin patch containing fentanyl, an opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic.

Duragesic patches are a strong prescription pain medicine. The patches are used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain in opioid-tolerant patients, severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment.

Duragesic patches are used when other pain treatments such as non-opioid pain medicines or immediate-release opioid medicines do not treat your pain well enough or you cannot tolerate them.

Duragesic patches are not for treating mild or occasional pain or pain from surgery. The patches are not for use to treat pain that is not around-the-clock.