Edrophonium and Atropine and Pacaps

• Generic Name: atropine / edrophonium
• Dosage Forms: n.a.
• Other Brand Names:

Reduction in the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Do not use in patients with Clcr >95 mL/minute. (See Boxed Warning.)

Noninferior to well-controlled (mean time in therapeutic INR range: 65%) warfarin therapy in preventing stroke and systemic embolism, and associated with lower rates of bleeding and cardiovascular death.

The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), American Stroke Association (ASA), ACC, AHA, and other experts recommend antithrombotic therapy in all patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation considered to be at increased risk of stroke, unless contraindicated.

Choice of antithrombotic therapy based on patient's risk for stroke and bleeding; in general, oral anticoagulant therapy recommended in patients who have a moderate to high risk for stroke and acceptably low risk of bleeding; consider aspirin or no antithrombotic therapy in patients at low risk. Patients at increased risk of stroke generally include those with prior ischemic stroke or TIA, advanced age (e.g., ≥75 years), history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or CHF. In addition, female sex considered an important risk factor for stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients ≥75 years of age.

Although warfarin traditionally has been used for oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation at increased risk of stroke, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants such as edoxaban may be useful alternatives in selected patients at moderate to high risk of stroke who are unable to comply with warfarin monitoring requirements or in whom a consistent therapeutic response to warfarin cannot be achieved; warfarin may still be preferred in patients who are optimally managed and have well-controlled INRs.

Relative efficacy and safety of the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (e.g., apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban) remain to be fully elucidated.

When selecting an appropriate anticoagulant, consider factors such as the absolute and relative risks of stroke and bleeding; costs; patient compliance, preference, tolerance, and comorbidities; and other clinical factors such as renal function and degree of INR control (if the patient has been taking warfarin).

Safety and efficacy of edoxaban not established in patients with mechanical heart valves or moderate to severe mitral stenosis; use not recommended in such patients.

Treatment of DVT and/or PE, following initial treatment with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5–10 days.

Noninferior to warfarin in reducing the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism; associated with substantially reduced rates of clinically important bleeding.

• Generic Name: acetaminophen / butalbital / caffeine
• Dosage Forms: n.a.
• Other Brand Names: Capacet, Esgic, Fioricet, Margesic, Medigesic, Orbivan, Repan, Vanatol LQ, Zebutal, Esgic-Plus, Arcet, Isocet, Pharmagesic, Anoquan, Two-Dyne, Tenake, Anolor 300, Femcet, Geone, Tencet, Triad, Fiorpap, Dolmar, Endolor, Ezol, Ide-cet, G-1, Minotal, Mygracet, Pacaps, Alagesic, Americet, Nonbac, Dolgic LQ, Dolgic Plus, Vanatol S, Alagesic LQ

Butalbital, acetaminophen, and caffeine combination is used to relieve symptoms of tension (or muscle contraction) headaches.

Butalbital belongs to the group of medicines called barbiturates. Barbiturates act in the central nervous system (CNS) to produce their effects.

Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever in patients. It does not become habit-forming when taken for a long time. But acetaminophen may cause other unwanted effects when taken in large doses, including liver damage.

When butalbital is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing pain should not let the fear of dependence keep them from using narcotics to relieve their pain. Physical dependence may lead to withdrawal side effects if treatment is stopped suddenly. However, severe withdrawal side effects can usually be prevented by gradually reducing the dose over a period of time before treatment is stopped completely.

Caffeine is a CNS stimulant that is used with pain relievers to increase their effect. It has also been used for migraine headaches. However, caffeine can also cause physical dependence when it is used for a long time. This may lead to withdrawal (rebound) headaches when you stop taking it.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.