Fingolimod Hydrochloride and Istradefylline

• Generic Name: fingolimod
• Dosage Forms: n.a.
• Other Brand Names: Gilenya

Treatment of relapsing forms of MS (e.g., relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS]).

Fingolimod is one of several disease-modifying therapies used in the management of RRMS. Although not curative, these therapies have all been shown to modify several measures of disease activity, including relapse rates, new or enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, and disability progression.

The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) recommends that disease-modifying therapy be offered to patients with RRMS who have had recent relapses and/or MRI activity. Clinicians should consider adverse effects, tolerability, method of administration, safety, efficacy, and cost of the drugs in addition to patient preferences when selecting an appropriate therapy.

Additional studies needed to determine optimal role and safety profile of fingolimod, particularly during long-term use and in comparison with other disease-modifying therapies (e.g., glatiramer acetate, interferon beta, natalizumab).

May be useful in patients who prefer to avoid parenteral administration and/or those who have had an inadequate response to other disease-modifying therapies (e.g., dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta, teriflunomide).

Has been evaluated, but currently not FDA-labeled for treatment of primary-progressive MS.

Designated an orphan drug by FDA for treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

• Generic Name: istradefylline
• Dosage Forms: n.a.
• Other Brand Names: Nourianz

Istradefylline is given with levodopa and carbidopa to treat "wearing-off" episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with Parkinson's disease.

Istradefylline may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.